Introduction
-Mumps is a viral infection which primarily affects salivary glands.
-Mumps virus is a single-stranded RNA virus and is a member of paramyxovirus family
-The virus is transmitted by the respiratory route via droplets, saliva, and fomites.
-The highest incidence of infection is usually during the late winter and spring months, but it can occur during any season.
-It is observed to occur most frequently in the 5- to 15-year age group.
The incubation period of mumps is ~19 days
-Viremia allows the virus to travel to all body organs, including salivary glands and central nervous system.
Symptoms & Signs
The prodrome of mumps consists of low-grade fever, headache, anorexia malaise, and myalgia
-Hallmark of mumps: Unilateral or bilateral parotid swelling
-Other manifestations: Epididymo-orchitis, pancreatitis, acquired deafness, aseptic meningitis and encephalitis
-Mumps during the first trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage
Diagnosis
-Diagnosis is made based on clinical findings or/and detection of viral RNA by reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) or viral culture
Treatment
-Mumps is a self-limited, usually mild, disease.
-Treatment is supportive and consists of antipyretics, fluids, and analgesics.
-Stay home from school or work for 5 days after symptom onset.
Prevention
-Usually Natural infection confers life-long protection
The MMR vaccine is given routinely subcutaneously to all healthy children at age 12–15 months with a second dose at age 4–6 years.
-Mumps vaccine contains live attenuated virus. It is not recommended for pregnant women