Introduction -Primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison disease) is a syndrome resulting from the chronic deficiency of cortisol…

Introduction Paget disease (Osteitis deformans) is a chronic, localized bone-remodeling disorder of abnormal osteoclasts that drive…

Introduction  Rickets: Defective bone mineralization in children before epiphyseal fusion Osteomalacia: Defective bone mineralization in adults…

Are you planning a trip to oversees which requires you to get Yellow Fever Vaccine? Come…

Introduction Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration of the…

Hyperparathyroidism is a common disorder of calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism caused by increased circulating levels…

Got the first dose of Covid vaccine at the beautiful Penn Highlands Hospital, Dubois, PA. Dont…

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a genetic disorder of end-organ insensitivity to the effect of PTH, which results…

Get tested for Covid and Flu with results in 15 short minutes. Protect yourself and others.…

Introduction  -The four parathyroid glands produce and secrete PTH -Hypoparathyroidism develops when the parathyroid glands fail…

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system -Most thyroid cancers occur in…

Introduction  Toxic multinodular goiter refers to autonomous hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules that produce hyperthyroidism  -it is more…

Introduction  -Thyroid nodules is the most common endocrinopathy  -They are extremely common, particularly among women –…

-thyroid surgery is indicated for patients with Graves disease, toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma, Reidel’s thyroiditis,…

Radioactive iodine-131 is used for treatment of thyrotoxicosis, thyroid cancer and for diagnostic thyroid scanning -It…

Introduction  Grave’s disease is an autoimmune thyroid disorder characterized by circulating antibodies that stimulate the TSH…

Introduction  Euthyroid sick syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by low thyroid hormone levels  in clinically…

Introduction  Riedel’s thyroiditis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with fibrosis or woody enlargement of all…

subacute (de Quervain or Granulomatous) viral thyroiditis Introduction  Subacute thyroiditis is an acute painful disease of…

Introduction  Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome caused by insufficient thyroid hormone production -it is 10 times…

Hashimoto Thyroiditis Introduction -Hashimoto thyroiditis is a common chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease  -It is the most…

Introduction Hyperprolactinemia is a condition of elevated prolactin level in blood  -Prolactin is a pituitary hormone…